1. Surge arrester.
2. Rod gap arrester.
3. Sphere gap arrester.
4. Horn gap arrester.
5. Multi gap arrester.
6. Electrolyte type arrester.
7. Metal-oxide lightning arrester.
Let's go we start the detail discussion different types of lightning arrester.
Surge arrester:-
A surge arrester is a device to protect electrical equipment from over-voltage transients caused by external (lightning) or internal (switching) events. Also called a surge protection device (SPD) or transient voltage surge suppressor (TVSS), this class of device is used to protect equipment in power transmission and distribution systems.
Rod Gap Lightning Arrester:-
Rod Gap lightning arrester is the simplest form of Lightning Arrester. It is consisting of two (1.5cm) rods which are bent almost at right angles and placed across the transformer bushing or across the string of suspension type insulator in overhead transmission system. One rod is connected to the line circuit and other rod is connected to earth. The distance between the rod gap and insulator should be more than one third of the rod length.
Sphere gap arrester:-
In this type of arrester, two electrode spheres is taken and they both kept to near each other by few distance. One sphere is connected to the ground and other is connected to the line conductor. There is three phase transformer is used. Chock coil is connected between the one phase of transformer and sphere. During the healthy condition there is no discharge at normal voltage. Air is dielectric median between two electrodes. When over voltage is comes the air between two sphere is breakdown in form of arc. Arc is continue when over voltage is come until the voltage is not available when circuit breaker tripped.
Horn Gap Lightning Arrester:-
Horn gap lightning arrester was the earliest types of lightning arrester. It is consisting of two metal rods in the shape of horn and separated by a small air gap. It is connected in shunt between each conductor and earth. The distance between two rods depends upon the supply voltage. The horns are so constructed that distance between two rods gradually increase towards the top. The horns are mounted on the insulators.