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Monday, October 30, 2017

Power Factor Correction - Power Factor Correction Methods - Power Factor




The power factor correction means bringing the power factor of an AC circuit closer to one by using the equipment which absorbs or supply the reactive power to the AC circuit. Generally, the power factor correction can be done by using the capacitor and the synchronous motor in the circuit. The power factor correction will not change the amount of real power, but it will reduce the apparent power and the total current drawn from the load.



Video source By- Learning Engineering

The power factor correction methods are mainly classified into three types:-

 


  1. Capacitor Bank Method.

  2. Synchronous Condenser Method.

  3. Phase Advancer Method.




In three phase system, Power factor Correction means reducing the phase difference between voltage and current. Since majority of loads are of inductive nature, they require some amount of reactive power for them to function. This reactive power is provided by the capacitor or bank of capacitors installed parallel to the load. They perform as a source of local reactive power and thus less reactive power flows through the line. Mainly they reduce the phase difference between the voltage and current.

The three phase synchronous Condenser was running without the mechanical load, and it is connected in parallel with the load. It absorbs and generates the reactive power by varying the excitation of the motor field winding. For inductive loads, synchronous condenser is connected towards load side and is overexcited. This makes it perform like a capacitor. It draws the lagging current from the supply or supplies the reactive power.
The synchronous condenser has some disadvantage like it is costly and their installation; maintenance and operation are also not easy.



This is an AC exciter generally used to improve power factor of induction motor. They are mounted on shaft of the motor and is linked in the rotor circuit of the motor. It improves the power factor by providing the exciting ampere turns to produce required flux at slip frequency. Further if ampere turns are increased, it can be made to operate at leading power factor.

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