There are many types of gears such as spur gears, helical gears, worm gears, etc. These can be generally classified by looking at the positions of axes such as parallel shafts, intersecting shafts and non-intersecting shafts.
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Parallel and co- Parallel shafts connected by gears are called spur gears. Spur gears have straight teeth and are parallel to the axis of the wheel. Spur gears are the most common type of gears. The advantages of spur gears are their simplicity in design, economy of manufacture and maintenance. Spur gears are known as slow speed gears. If noise is not a serious design problem, spur gears can be used at almost any speed.
Helical or dry fixed gears offer a refinement over spur gears. The leading edges of the teeth are not parallel to the axis of rotation, but are set at an angle. Since the gear is curved, this angling makes the tooth shape a segment of a helix. Helical gears can be meshed in parallel or crossed orientations.
Herringbone Gear:-
Herringbone gears resemble two helical gears that have been placed side by side. They are often referred to as "double helicals". In the double helical gears arrangement, the thrusts are counter-balanced. In such double helical gears there is no thrust loading on the bearings.
Bevel Gear:-
Bevel gears are gear where the axes of the two shafts intersect and the tooth-bearing faces of the gears themselves are conically shaped. Bevel gears are most often mounted on shafts that are 90 degrees apart, but can be designed to work at other angles as well. The pitch surface of bevel gears is a cone.
Worm Gear:-
Worm gears are used to transmit power at 90° and where high reduction are required. The axes of worm gears shafts cross in space. The shafts of worm gears lie in parallel planes and may be skewed at any angle between zero and right angle. In worm gears, one gear has screw threads. Due to this, worm gears are quiet, vibration free and give a smooth output. Worm gears and worm gear shafts are almost invariably a right angles.
Rack and Pinion Gear:-
A rack is a toothed bar or rod that can be thought of as a sector gear with an infinitely large radius of curvature. Torque can be converted to linear force by meshing a rack with a pinion: the pinion turns; the rack moves in a straight line. Such a mechanism is used in automobiles to convert the rotation of the steering wheel into the left-to-right motion of the tie rods.
Internal Gear:-
Internal gear is a gear with its teeth cut in the internal surface of a cylinder and meshes with spur gears. In its manufacturing, because of its shape, the usual hobbing machine used in spur gear production cannot be used.